| In
This Article:
Existing 4x4 fence posts are
extended. 4'x8' sheets of lattice are cut smaller. 2x2 cedar
frame material is custom-milled. After spray painting, the
framed lattice is installed above the existing fence. |
Related
Articles:
|
| Skill Level:
3 (Intermediate) |
Time Taken:
About 20 Hours |
By
Bruce W. Maki,
Editor
Recently the owner of a small house in an older neighborhood
asked me to build an extension to an existing privacy fence.
 |
This small back yard originally had a
6-foot high privacy fence. In the foreground you can see
the surface of a deck. |
|
| Another view, taken directly to the right
of the first photo. The deck surface is about 16 inches
above the ground, so the privacy fence rises less than 4½
feet above the deck.
Given the dilapidated condition of the house next
door (which is about 3 feet from the fence) I could
understand the homeowner's need for a taller privacy
fence. |
 |
|
In the picture above you can see the lattice panels that the
homeowner originally purchased. After some discussions we returned
these to Lowes and bought 3 sheets of their "high privacy"
lattice, which costs about $12 a sheet.
 |
The original fence was built from pre-made
8-foot sections, the kind you see at Home Depot and
their ilk. |
|
| One give-away of a factory-made fence:
this horizontal rail is less than 1¼" thick.
That's not a standard lumber size.
This skinny lumber will cause some problems when I
need to install my framed lattice. |
 |
|
Extending The Posts
My Preferred Method:
I prefer to make an overlapping joint to connect sections
of any structural component. Many pre-cut deck newel posts (handrail
posts) use this method.
 |
On The Fence Post:
- I set the circular saw depth to half of the
width of the 4x4 post, about 1¾ inches.
- I marked the bottom of the notch about 10
inches down from the top of the post.
- I made the bottom cut by cutting
horizontally across the post.
- I made two vertical cuts with the circular
saw. This is somewhat risky, so I kept a good solid
grasp on the saw. Eye protection is necessary.
|
|
Other Notch Cutting Methods:
- A series of 1¾ inch deep cuts could be made
across the face of the 4x4, then the remaining wood
could be chipped away with a chisel. The resulting
face would be rough and may require some smoothing
with a chisel or block plane.
- A reciprocating saw could be used instead of a
circular saw, but this is not as accurate or as
fast. But a reciprocating saw would probably be
safer, especially if reaching the top of the post
was difficult.
- The old-fashioned way: A hand saw.
|
|
Notching The Post Extensions:
Cutting the matching notch on the post extensions was much easier
because the cutting can be done on a workbench. In Shortening
A Notched Newel Post you can read more about this
procedure. Since I wrote that old article I have acquired some
better tools. I simply used my expensive slide miter saw to cut
these notches, which is much faster than the circular saw.
| There were only two posts where I could
make this preferred connection. The other posts could
only be reached by going into the neighbors yard.
Unfortunately the neighbors were not highly cooperative. |
 |
|
I cut the top of the fence posts at a 30 degree angle. An angled
cut will deter rain water from lingering on the top surface of the
post and soaking into the end-grain.
Extending The Other Posts:
 |
Since I could not easily reach the other
fence posts to cut a notch in the top, I used a pair of
metal tie plates to connect the post extension to
the old post.
Using a half-dozen 1¼" Simpson Strong-Drive
screws, I attached two tie plates to the lower end of
the post extender. |
|
| Then I screwed the tie plates to the top
of the old post.
But... I positioned this extension about one-quarter
of an inch farther from the fence. (The red arrow
points to the small "ledge" exposed by this
set-back).
This should give me enough room to squeeze the framed
lattice panel between the post and the fence boards. |
 |
|
Warning:
- This method of using tie plates to join posts
together is for light-duty connections only.
- Do not use this method for any deck posts or
load-bearing structure (unless approved by a
building inspector).
- Test the connection before proceeding, by pushing
and pulling on the post.
- If the connection appears loose, add more screws
to the tie plates, or add more tie plates, or use
longer tie plates, or use a different method.
- I would not recommend using nails on connections
near the end of the board because nails tend to make
the wood split when used close to the ends.
|
|
 |
Here you can see a row of 5 extended fence
posts. |
|
Back At The Shop:
Building The Privacy Screen Panels
 |
Using the big table saw, I was able to
quickly rip the lattice into half-sheets. |
|
| Actually, I cut the lattice into sheets
that were about 23 inches wide. This avoided cutting
through the staples that hold the lattice together. |
 |
|
 |
But... as these small chunks were cut free
of the main sheet, they often got snagged on the saw
components. I would just stop cutting and take a second
to clear away the off-cuts.
I later discovered that a table saw is not the
best method for cutting lattice. |
|
Note the small size of the holes in the lattice above and compare
it to the sheets visible in the second-from-top photo. The
high-privacy lattice has much smaller holes. I could barely
get my fingers through these holes.
Preparing The Lattice Frame:
I used red cedar 2x2's to build a frame to hold the lattice.
Since none of my local suppliers sold cedar 2x2's, I bought several
2x6's at Lowes and ripped them to 1½" wide on my table saw.
My original thought was to make the frames from pressure-treated
Southern Yellow Pine (the ordinary treated lumber). But yellow pine
has such an awful tendency to warp that I couldn't stomach the idea.
All the yellow pine 2x2's I found were shaped like bananas.
| After ripping the cedar boards into 2x2's,
I set up my router table with an adjustable slot-cutting
bit. This bit is one-half of a Freud 99-036 two-bit
tongue-and-groove cutter set, which cost me $93. This
bit comes with an assortment of washers of various
thicknesses. To increase the width of the slot, I
simply removed the nut on top and placed more spacers
between the two cutting blades. |
 |
|
 |
This router bit cuts quite smoothly. As
always, it's important to keep the wood pressed tightly
against the fence and against the table. Using a
"featherboard" is a good idea.
Another way to cut this groove would be to use a straight-flute
bit. But when a straight-flute bit is used to cut a
groove, the wood chips cannot easily disperse, so the
groove often becomes packed with debris. |
|
| The resulting groove had a lot of
splinters along the edges, perhaps caused by pushing the
wood through the router too quickly. |
 |
|
 |
I used a 5" random orbital sander to
clean up the splinters, and to remove the saw marks from
the table saw. |
|
| To make a radiused edge on these boards, I
just tipped the wood on an angle and gave the corners a
quick buzz with the sander. |
 |
|
 |
I cut the 2x2 frame boards to length on a
miter saw.
I made the short boards 25¼" long, as measured
on the long dimension of the mitered board.
I cut the long boards about 1/8 inch shorter than 96
inches. |
|
Deviations:
In carpentry it's often the little variations
of dimensions that cause the most grief. My experience
has taught me to be prepared for imperfect spacing of
things, structures that are not plumb or level, and
stuff that is out-of-square.
I measured the spacing of the original fence posts,
and they were all about 8 feet on center. The original
fence panels were all very close to 8 feet long, and
there were no gaps between adjacent panels. But I knew I
couldn't expect a row of exactly 8-foot long panels to
fit side by side. If the extended posts were actually closer
than my measurements, then I would need to trim material
off the sides of some panels, which would be a chore. If
the posts were farther apart than 8 feet, I would
have a small gap between panels, which I could easily
cover with a thin strip of wood.
It's this type of analysis that makes
carpentry go more smoothly:
- "If I'm wrong and my material is too long,
then I'll have to solve it by ..." and
- "If I'm wrong and my material is too short,
then I'll need to do ..."
and realizing that an error in one direction
can be much easier to solve than an error in the other
direction. |
|
Determining The Length Of The Lattice:
 |
I placed the end of the tape measure just
shy of one end of the groove, and measured the distance
to the other end of the groove.
I chose 93¾" as the length of the lattice. That
should leave some room for expansion. |
 |
|
| I marked the sheet of lattice and cut it
with a jig saw.
It turns out that the jig saw is probably the best
tool for cutting lattice. When sliding these sheets
through the table saw, the ends of the slats often
snagged on things, which really slowed down the cutting. |
 |
|
 |
Then I sanded the edges with 80-grit
sandpaper. This proved to be crucial, as a little
sanding created a small bevel that made it much easier
to fit the lattice into the grooves of the framework.
Tip: when sanding
the edges, move the sanding block in one direction
only... the direction that the angled slats are
"pointing". (That would be towards the
camera in the photo.) Otherwise the sandpaper will
get torn on the sharp ends of the slats. |
|
Assembling The Lattice And Frame:
| I placed a long piece of frame board on
the sawhorses and set the lattice into the groove.
This was not easy. Many slats got caught on the
groove edge, preventing the lattice from seating in the
groove. I had to hold the lattice upright with one hand
while pushing and pulling on the slats to see which were
holding it up.
Having a helper here would be a good idea. |
 |
|
 |
The Secret Weapon:
After struggling with the first assembly, where the
lattice kept falling out of the frame boards, I got wise
and used some 12" cable ties to keep the
lattice firmly seated in the groove. |
|
| After assembling the two long sides, I
placed the short frame boards over the lattice and
secured them with cable ties. |
 |
|
 |
At each corner I pre-drilled and
countersunk holes for three screws... two on the long
board and one on the short board.
Then I drove in 2" stainless steel deck screws
to hold the corner together. |
|
| With 3 screws the corner joints were quite
strong. |
 |
|
 |
I cut the cable ties. |
|
| But... the long boards were kinda
flexible, almost to the point that the ends of the
lattice slats could poke out.
Near the middle of each long board I drove two
or three 1¼" brad nails. These were driven close
to the edge so they would go into the lattice slats.
Afterwards the long boards were much less flexible. |
 |
|
Don't over-fasten the lattice. It might seem like a good idea to
shoot brad nails into the lattice all around the frame, but I
wouldn't recommend it. Ideally, the lattice would be free-floating
in the grooves of the frame that holds it. But if the frame cannot
be made beefy enough, then you might need to rely on the lattice
itself for some structural assistance. If you fasten the
lattice all around, the normal expansion and contraction of the wood
might cause the frame to warp badly or the lattice slats to split.
 |
After assembly I used the random orbital
sander to smooth down any mis-matched joints. |
|
| The finished lattice panel, ready for
painting and installation.
These were surprisingly light and strong. |
 |
|
Painting The Privacy Screen Panels:
While I built these privacy screens, the homeowner repainted the
original fence with Behr latex solid-tone deck stain. Nobody
expressed any interest in brush-painting the lattice, and when I
mentioned that I had paint spraying equipment, the decision to spray
the lattice was obvious.
 |
I dragged my utility trailer into an open
spot in the backyard and used the trailer as a work
bench.
By propping the screen panel upright I was
able to easily paint them with my airless paint sprayer. |
|
 |
I used a 2400 PSI Wagner airless sprayer,
which cost about $100 at Home Depot.
Wagner's instructions have several good tips for
spray painting, more than I can address in this article.
|
|
| For a drying rack, I set up two pairs of
sawhorses, each pair supporting an extension ladder. |
 |
|
 |
I used a stick to prop up the screen. I
put some heavy boards on the floor of the trailer to
keep the prop rod from slipping. |
|
Installing The Privacy Screen Panels:
 |
The first panel I installed was this
section that divides the back yard from the side yard. |
|
| Installing these screen panels was easy. I
just set the panel in place between the fence boards and
the post. Since it was a snug fit, the panels mostly
stayed in place until I could level and fasten them. |
 |
|
 |
Here you can see the screen panel (red
arrow) wedged in between the post and the fence boards. |
|
| After I made sure the panel was level, I
fastened it to the post with several 3-inch deck screws.
I pre-drilled the holes (with countersink) to prevent
the thin cedar frames from splitting. |
 |
|
 |
Capping It Off:
I made this cap board from 1x6 cedar that I
ripped into 1x3's and routed with a 3/8" roundover
bit.
I installed these 8-foot long boards so each piece
covered a joint between adjacent screen panels, to help
tie the panels together. The ends of these cap boards
were always in the middle of the screen panels. |
|
| The cap board adds a minor detail that
seems to unify the screen panels. |
 |
|
 |
I noticed that the screen panels made a
noticeable difference in the amount of privacy in this
small backyard. I would definitely recommend using the
high-privacy lattice if someone really needed more
privacy. |
|
Material Usage:
To make six privacy screens, I used three 4'x8' lattice panels,
intending to cut each panel in half lengthwise. Wanting to make the
panels as high as possible, I cut the lattice to 23 inches wide by
about 93½ inches long. Without doing much careful planning, I
bought 8-foot cedar 2x6's to be ripped into 2x2's, figuring that
each frame would require 2½ pieces of 8-foot long 2x2, or 20 lineal
feet per panel. With six panels to build, plus a small extra panel,
I figured I needed 120 lineal feet of 2x2, or 15 pieces at 8 feet
long. So I bought five 2x6x8' cedar boards (about 12 bucks each)
knowing that I could get three 2x2's from each board.
The length of these frame boards was just fine for the long side
of the panel frames, but the short sides ended up at 25¼ inches,
which meant that I could not get 4 pieces from an 8-foot
board, as I had planned in my head while shopping at Lowes. I needed
to go back to the store and buy some more cedar boards.
If I had planned this better, I could have either:
- Made the frames exactly 24 inches tall and cut the lattice
just less than 22 inches wide.
- Bought one 10-foot cedar 2x6 for the 12 short pieces of
frame material. This would have allowed me to cut the lattice
closer to 24 inches wide, and make a panel about 26 inches tall.
|
Tools
Used:
- Cordless drill/driver
- Basic carpentry tools
- Table saw
- Miter saw
- Circular saw
- Jig saw
- Router table
- Freud 99-036 two-bit
tongue-and-groove cutter set
- Brad nailer
- Random orbital sander with
60 grit sandpaper
|
Materials Used:
- Lumber, cedar, 2x6x8'
- High-privacy lattice,
4'x8' sheets
- 2" stainless steel
deck screws
|
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